Hugo Valentin-föreläsning: 1900-talets våldsimperier
20 February 2015
1930- och 1940-talen var de mest våldsamma årtiondena i vår historia. Japan, Italien och Nazityskland ville alla bemästra den ekonomiska krisen genom att skapa väldiga imperier i sina grannländer och tvekade inte att använda extremt våld för att nå sina mål. Om ett globalt perspektiv på denna strategi handlar den trettonde Hugo Valentin-föreläsningen, som ges av historikern Dieter Pohl.
Professor Dieter Pohl, verksam vid Klagenfurts universitet i Österrike, är ett framträdande namn inom europeisk samtidshistoria bland annat för sina arbeten om Nazitysklands metoder och förbrytelser i Östeuropa och Sovjetunionen under andra världskriget. Pohl kommer att föreläsa vid Uppsala universitet under rubriken “The New Empires of Violence 1930–1950. Global Perspectives on the Decades of Mass Violence.”
Historiografi och annan forskning som har försökt att tolka de våldsamma 1930- och 1940-talen har letat efter förklaringar i termer av radikala ideologier, extrema diktaturer och militanta organisationer eller sammanbrott av rättssystem, etnisk konfliktbenägenhet i ”våldszoner”, eller en kontinuitet från kolonialtidens våldsregimer.
I årets Hugo Valentin-föreläsning diskuterar Pohl alternativa förklaringsmodeller med utgångspunkt i de nya imperieambitionerna som visar sig under 1930-talet och början av 1940-talet. Japan, Italien och Nazityskland planerade alla att övervinna den globala ekonomiska krisen för egen del genom att skapa väldiga imperier i länder i deras egen omedelbara närhet. I kontrast till många västeuropeiska staters historiska koloniala imperier på andra sidan haven blev dessa nya områden till spelplaner för en extrem nationalism, och beskrevs som ”Lebensraum”, ”spazio vitale” eller den ”Stora östasiatiska samväldessfären” – vilket innebar bosättning och djupgående exploatering, både genom plundring och organiserat tvångsarbete. Pohl kommer även att ta upp Stalins Sovjet och inbördeskrigets Kina efter 1927.
Med sin studie från 2008, Die Herrschaft der Wehrmacht. Militärverwaltung und Bevölkerung in den besetzten Gebieten der Sowjetunion 1941–1944 (ny utg. 2011), lämnade Pohl ett väsentligt bidrag till förståelsen av karaktären och omfattningen av Nazitysklands stridskrafters delaktighet i förbrytelserna på östfronten, i det skeende som Pohl har beskrivit som ”den mest brutala militära ockupationsadministrationen i historien fram till dess”. Detta i kontrast till den föreställning som länge var spridd i framför allt Västtyskland att det endast var den civila, nazistiska, administrationen som var skyldig till brotten.
Pohl disputerade 1995 på avhandlingen Nationalsozialistische Judenverfolgung in Ostgalizien 1941–1944. Han har också skrivit om Förintelsen som ”öppen hemlighet” både inom och utom Tyskland under kriget (tillsammans med Frank Bajohr). Han har därtill publicerat ett ansenligt antal ytterligare vetenskapliga artiklar och böcker inom samma område i vid bemärkelse.
Föreläsningen äger rum i Universitetshusets Sal IV, torsdagen den 26 februari kl. 17:00.
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